Airport Scanners: Are They Putting You in Danger?
LifeSource Vitamins
The new full-body scanners in place at 60 airports across the country have
been causing outrage in recent weeks - and that's putting it pretty mildly.
From lawsuits being lodged against the Transportation Security
Administration due to their "intrusive" pat-down procedures, to passengers
getting into scuffles with TSA agents, these new scanners are creating a
lot of turmoil. And as the busiest travel days of the year fast approach -
with more than 1.6 million Americans expected to flock to airports over the
Thanksgiving holiday weekend - there's no telling how some passengers are
going to react.
But let's move past all of that for now and concentrate on the safety of
the backscatter X-ray scanners. What I want to know is - are we putting our
health at risk every time we walk through one these machines at an airport?
And because I'm an OB-GYN, I am also concerned about women who are
pregnant. Could these scans affect a fetus? To get a little insight into
that, we contacted Dr. David Schauer, executive director of the National
Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements (NCRP) in Bethesda, Md.
Q. How much radiation does one of these backscatter X-ray scanners
actually emit?
A.
Radiation exposure is reported in units called millirem (mrem). The
effective dose per scan of 0.01 mrem is 100 times less than the annual
negligible individual dose (NID) of 1 mrem recommended by the NCRP. It
would therefore require at least 100 scans of the same individual in a year
to reach an amount that is considered negligible.
To put that into perspective, a typical chest X-ray is over a thousand
times greater than what a person is exposed to per scan when they walk
through an airport full-body scanner.
NOTE: Remember, radiation is all around us. We are exposed to it every day
while we walk, breathe, eat and sleep. On average in the United States, a
person is exposed to approximately 620 mrem (whole-body exposure) per year
from all sources. According to the TSA, one scan is about the same as a
person would get from flying for about three minutes in an airplane at
30,000 feet, where atmospheric radiation levels are higher than on the
ground.
Q. How do these scanners differ from your typical medical X-ray
machines?
A.
It's important to note that backscatter X-ray systems are not like standard
medical X-ray machines that operate in a transmission mode. That is to say,
medical X-rays are transmitted through a patient's body. Backscatter X-rays
are not transmitted through a person's body, they are, as the name would
suggest, backscattered (or reflected) to a detector that is used to create
an image. As a result of this fundamental difference, doses from
backscatter X-rays are orders of magnitude less than doses from medical
imaging with X-rays.
Q. In your opinion, do these scanners pose a risk to a fetus? Are we
potentially putting women in danger?
A.
Given the low levels of effective dose involved per scan (and the resultant
low levels of equivalent dose per scan to the embryo or fetus of a pregnant
woman), no special precautions are required for the embryo or fetus of a
pregnant woman, for infants, or for children.
Q. And finally - in general - should the general public be concerned
about these scanners?
A.
It is important that all scanned individuals be well informed about the
security screening process, its benefits and its potential risks.
Information, in lay language, about the security screening process, its
benefits and its potential risks should be provided to individuals prior to
their being scanned.
In an email, Dr. David Brenner, director of the center for radiological
research at Columbia University in New York City, told us the bigger
concern is the overall population risk.
"Even though the individual risk is very small, the impact on the
population may not be small if the exposed population is large. This is
potentially the case with airport X-ray scanners. We know the individual
risk is very small, but multiply that by the number of people going through
airport security each year in the U.S. - currently about 700 million, maybe
one billion a decade from now - then we start to have a concern about the
population risk."
So - what's the bottom-line here? Should we be really concerned?
"From an individual personal-risk perspective, the risks of going through
the scanner just a few times are very small, even for a child," Brenner
told us in an email. "So while the pat down is an option, the radiation
exposure is not something to be too concerned about from the perspective of
individual risk, assuming you are going through the scanners just
occasionally."
Whatever you decide to do the next time you have to travel - remember this
- you can always opt for a good old fashioned road trip with your family or
hop on a train. You might just see the country in a whole new way,
especially since there are still a lot of unknowns about these airport
scanners.
By Dr. Manny Alvarez & Karlie Pouliot
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