Healthnotes Newswire (December 8, 2005)-Teenage boys can increase
their bone-mineral content and their height by taking a calcium
supplement, according to the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and
Metabolism (2005;90:3153-61).
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Osteoporosis is a major contributor to health problems in older people. The
severely low bone density that characterizes osteoporosis increases the
risk of fractures, which can lead to immobility and complicated recovery
that can even result in death. Osteoporosis prevention has a two-pronged
approach: maximizing the bone density at the time in life when it reaches
its peak (about 25 years old) and minimizing bone loss in later life. A
number of nutrients can influence bone density by stimulating proper use of
calcium by the body; however, adequate calcium intake and exercise remain
the cornerstones of osteoporosis prevention. Several studies have found
that supplementing with calcium before and around the time of puberty can
lead to increased bone-mineral density. Little is known about the effects
of calcium supplementation in adolescents who are past puberty.
In the current study, 143 healthy boys between the ages of 16 and 18 were
randomly assigned to take either a calcium supplement (500 mg twice per day
in the form of calcium carbonate) or a placebo for 12 months. Bone-mineral
status, height, and weight were measured at the beginning, middle, and end
of the study. It was determined at the end of the study that overall
compliance was about 59%; in the calcium group, the intake of supplemental
calcium averaged 652 mg per day. Measurements taken at the middle and end
of the study showed that the amount of mineral in the bones (bone-mineral
content) increased significantly more in the boys taking calcium than in
the boys not taking calcium; the difference was greater at the end of the
study. In addition, the boys taking calcium grew significantly more in
height than the boys who did not take calcium. This difference was 7 mm, or
about 0.28 inches. Finally, when activity level was considered, the boys
with a high activity level had more bone mass and increased their
bone-mineral content more than boys with a low activity level.
The results of this study show that calcium supplementation can lead to an
increase in bone-mineral content and an increase in growth in height in
adolescent boys. They also add to the evidence that exercise is beneficial
for bone-building during adolescence. In a previous study, adolescent girls
who were past puberty (ages 16 to 18) experienced an increase in
bone-mineral density but did not increase in height more than girls who did
not take calcium. Whether these changes in bone density will have a lasting
impact on bone health later in life in either gender should be a topic of
future research. Additional research should also focus on whether the
short-term height gain seen in boys taking calcium will result in them
being taller once they reach their maximum height.
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